Diseases at cats
Corneal ulcer at the Persian cats
Corneal ulcer - the inflammation of cornea accompanying necrosis epithelium and stroma with formation of defect. From cats is more often than other breeds this disease the Persian cats suffer.
Erosion of cornea - an inflammation of cornea with infringement epithelial a layer. Clinically to distinguish an ulcer and erosion of cornea not always probably, therefore these pathological processes are united by the term " ulcerous keratitis ". As a result of external influence on a cornea there is an inflammatory process with the subsequent formation of ulcer. She can be superficial or deep, complicated or not complicated. The superficial ulcer is distributed on epithelium and the top layers of own substance (stroma) corneas. The deep ulcer will penetrate into all thickness stroma. At her distribution on a back boundary plate (Descemet's membrane) punching of a forward environment of an eye is possible.
Formation of the center of loss epithelium stimulates migration in cornea and proliferation epithelials cells therefore in 5-7 days defect is completely closed. Healing of defect strom corneas more complex and long process. Rather superficial ulcers are closed by migration and proliferation epithelium. However in most cases the ulcers extending on deep layers of own substance of cornea, heal at participation of a connecting fabric within several weeks.
Thus purulent complications frequently develop. Disease basal membranes epithelium at which communication recycling epithelium with subject stroma is broken, slows down healing an ulcer. In result develops slowly healing, refractory to treatment ulcer keratitis.
The reasons ulcerative keratitis: a trauma of an eye (closed or penetrating); illnesses of appendages of an eye (Distichiasis, ectopia eyelashes, entropion and eversion centuries, trichiasis, new growths of a century); infringement of formation of a plaintive film (insufficiency of a plaintive liquid at Sjogren's [sicca] syndrome, insufficient secretion conjunctivation scyphoid cells ); an infection (at cats most frequently herpes viral); congenital anomalies (disease basal membranes epithelium, endotheliocyte a dystrophy, etc.), others (an alien body, chemical burns, neurotrophic keratitis, immunopathologycal diseases). One of the reasons of a cornea ulcer is lagophthalmos (not closure a century), resulting to development exposition keratitis and dryness of an eye. Meets at brachycephalic breeds of dogs, it is quite often observed at exophthalmos, buphthalmos or neuroparalytic to the form idiopathica paralysis of an obverse nerve (it is especial at cockers).
Treatment of corneal ulcer
Animals with deep or quickly progressing of corneal ulcer hospitalize. If defect deep or is present descemetocele, with the purpose of preventive maintenance of punching of cornea it is necessary to limit physical loading. That the animal could not injure to itself eyes put on a special collar.
Antibiotics appoint locally at an ulcer anyone ethiology. Ointments provide the big duration of contact of a preparation with a cornea, them everyone pawn in conjunctival a bag 6-12 hour Solutions dig in more often (4-8 time's day). The greatest prevalence have received chloramphenicol, Terramicyn (the combined preparation containing îõótetracycline), Erythromycinum, gentamicin and Tobramycin. At the initial stages of treatment of the best the combination neomicin and bacitracin, providing activity is considered concerning a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Gentamicin and Tobramycin appoint at quickly progressing ulcer, suspicion on keratitis, caused pseudomonas a stick and others gram-negative microorganisms. (1 % ointment or a solution) apply atropine in treatment "reflex" forward uveitis. The preparation is appointed by everyone 8-24 hour, gradually reducing a doze.
Antivirus preparations appoint at herpetic ulcer keratitis cats. Solution ? idoxuridin dig in everyone 4-6 hour before clinical improvement, then frequency of introduction gradually (during 1-2 weeks) reduce.
Non-steroid anti funds possess anti-inflammatory and anesthetizing activity. Aspirin of 10-15 mg / kg appoint inside to dogs in a doze everyone 12 hour; to cats of 10 mg / kg everyone 48 hour. At simultaneous purpose of several medical products between installations of each of them should pass not less than 5 minutes. Contact lenses protect a cornea from irritation, reduce a pain and detain medical products. Lenses find the greatest application in treatment of refractory ulcers, remaining alternative or addition to surgical treatment. To lacks carry their rather high cost (13-15 dollars) and an opportunity of displacement from a cornea. In veterinary practice will apply lenses of various diameter (13,5-17,0 mm) and curvature (8.5-9,0 mm).
Contra-indications. Local corticosteroids are contra-indicated at erosion and cornea ulcers, Non-steroid anti funds at herpetic ulcer keratitis, atropine - at a glaucoma and a dislocation of a crystalline lens. At the ulcers caused by viruses of herpes and a plague of dogs, it is not necessary locally to appoint Cyclosporinum. Atropine suppresses production of a plaintive liquid, therefore him with care appoint an animal with dry keratoconjunctivitis. Non-steroid anti funds (flubiprofen, Diclofenac) and corticosteroids slow down healing a ulcer. Superficial ulcers usually treat conservatively. In some cases operation allows to remove the reason ulcer keratitis (correction volvulus centuries, removal of an alien body, etc.).
Indications to operation are also a ulcer extending more than on half of thickness of cornea, descemetocele, an inefficiency of medicamentous treatment. At punching a cornea it is necessary to restore her integrity immediately. Refractory (slowly healing) ulcers under superficial anesthesia process a dry sterile tampon, delete rough epithelial edges (territories.) From surgical methods of treatment apply puncture or mesh keratotomy, superficial keratotomy, change conjunctival sac. The majority of authors recommend rotational change conjunctival a rag on a leg.